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Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig. It is one of the most commonly consumed meat worldwide. Pork is the most popular meat in the Western world and Central Europe.
It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia. Global pig meat output in 2020 is estimated at 109.2 million tonnes, down by 0.8 percent from 2019.
China has long been leading the chart of the world’s largest pork-producing countries. Vietnam is the second-highest pork meat-producing country. The United States is the world’s third-largest producer and consumer of pork and pork products. Based on a comparison of 146 countries in 2018, Poland ranked the highest in pork meat consumption per capita with 57.6-kilograms followed by Hungary and Spain.
Top pork importing countries are:
- China
- Japan
- Italy
- Germany
- Poland
Top Pork exporting countries are:
- Spain
- United States
- Germany
- Canada
- Denmark
Average pork meat consumption per capita reached 15.6 kilograms in 2018 in the World according to Faostat. Despite being ranked as the third-largest pork importer by import value, China is in fact the world’s largest pork importer and pork consumer by volume.
It is one of the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BC.
Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved. Curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham, smoked pork, gammon, bacon, and sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.
Pork is the most popular meat in the Western world and in Central Europe. It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia predominantly in Mainland Southeast Asia, the Philippines, Singapore, East Timor, and Malaysia. It is highly prized in Asian cuisines, especially in China, for its fat content and texture. However, Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably Islam and Judaism.
Global pig meat output in 2020 is estimated at 109.2 million tonnes, down by 0.8 percent from 2019, principally due to ASF-induced production contractions in China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. However, the United States of America, Brazil, the European Union, the Russian Federation, Canada, Mexico, and Chile registered moderate production expansions, partially offsetting production contractions elsewhere. Following a 21 percent fall in 2019, China’s pig meat production declined by only 3.3 percent in 2020 to 42 million tonnes, indicating a faster recovery of pig inventories from the viral disease, reaching nearly 76 percent of the level that existed before ASF led declines began in 2018. Pig meat production also suffered setbacks in the Philippines and Viet Nam, as ASF-induced culling of pigs continued on some farms.
Elsewhere, pig meat production increased in the United States of America, Brazil, the Russian Federation, the European Union, and Canada. In the USA, output rose, driven by high pig inventories, but the growth rate weakened due to labor constraints and reduced plant capacity utilization.
Brazil continued to expand output as import demand remained strong, while government financial support to households stabilized domestic demand. In Russia, output expansion was mainly due to the high output delivered by large-scale farms and vibrant demand from East Asia.
In the European Union, production expansion continued, underpinned by significant output advancements in some member countries, especially Spain and Denmark, principally driven by ASF free status and access to Asian markets. In Canada, increased slaughtering and carcass weight contributed to the output expansion.
The average annual pig meat prices fell from 290 dollars in 2019 to 209 dollars per tonne in 2020, a decline of 3.6 percent.
World total pig meat trade reached 11.9 million tonnes in 2020, up 24.5 percent year on year, helped by Chinese imports, which almost doubled to 5.7 million tonnes, accounting for around 50 percent of global imports. Because of the large volume requirements, China issued export licenses to many processing plants in several countries, including Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Vietnam too registered a sharp increase in imports, again reflecting ASF-related output downturns. By contrast, the Republic of Korea and Japan purchased less because of reduced restaurant sales and high retail prices.
Concerning exports, much of the expanded exports originated from the European Union, the United States of America, Canada, and Brazil, as extensive initial pig inventories and reduced internal sales bolstered export availabilities. The USA exported 900 000 tonnes to China, equivalent to around 30 percent of total exports, while Brazil’s shipments rose by 34 percent to 1.3 million tonnes, with nearly two-thirds shipped to China. High imports by China were behind much of the growth in exports from Mexico and Chile too. Despite ASF-related export restrictions to Asian markets, the European Union concluded the year with a 27 percent growth in exports.
In Canada, high inventories and government support under the emergency assistance program underpinned the export expansion. The Russian Federation increased exports by 101 percent, emerging as a significant global player, with most shipments moving to Vietnam under the market access agreement signed in 2019.
Top Pork Producing Countries:
China has long been leading the chart of the world’s largest pork-producing countries. In 2019, official notifications had confirmed 129 ASF outbreaks and the culling of more than 1 million pigs. In addition to culling, in an effort to keep the spread in check, the Government is creating separate, self-sufficient zones and banning the cross-regional transport of animals and products. However, the continued relevance of backyard farming and the use of food waste as animal feed make controlling the spread extremely challenging. The transboundary spread of ASF to other countries in the region, with confirmed detections in Vietnam, Mongolia, and Cambodia, will make controlling the spread even harder. According to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, by March 2019, the hog inventory had declined by 18.8 percent, and that of the breeding sow by 21 percent year on year. Given these developments, China’s pork output was anticipated to fall by at least 10 percent in 2019, to 6 million tonnes. Vietnam is the second-highest pork meat-producing country.
The United States is the world’s third-largest producer and consumer of pork and pork products. USDA reports that the United States has been either the world’s largest or second-largest exporter of pork and pork products over the recent years, with exports averaging over 20 percent of commercial pork production in most years. Currently, U.S. hog operations are heavily concentrated in the Midwest and in eastern North Carolina.
Top Pork Consuming Countries
Based on a comparison of 146 countries in 2018, Poland ranked the highest in pork meat consumption per capita with 57.6-kilo grams followed by Hungary and Spain. On the other end of the scale was Jordan with 0.010 kilograms, Algeria with 0.010-kilo grams, and Afghanistan with 0.010 kilograms.
Average pork meat consumption per capita reached 15.6 kilograms in 2018 in the World according to Faostat. This is 0.835 percent more than in the previous year and 1.67 percent more than 10 years ago.
Historically, average pork meat consumption per capita reached an all-time high of 15.6 kilograms in 2010 and an all-time low of 8.00 kilograms in 1961. The average annual growth amounted to 1.17 percent since 1961.
Top Pork Importers
Despite being ranked as the third-largest pork importer by import value, China is in fact the world’s largest pork importer and pork consumer by volume. Due to the retaliatory tariffs, China has begun importing significant quantities of pork from the United States. China’s pork imports are forecast to increase by nearly 2 million tons in 2019, an increase of 35 percent compared to 2018, with increases in imports of all pork products. Currently, China is seeking alternative meat supplies for the millions of pigs that died due to African swine fever, which has increased the price, revenue, and profits for European and South American pork exporters. According to China Customs, in the first nine months of 2019, China imported 1.33 million tons of pork valued at 2.68 billion dollars, up 43.6 percent in volume and 65.1 percent in value compared to 2018. Which, Spain, Germany, Canada, Brazil, and the United States are the top five major markets supplying pork to China.
Global purchases of imported pork cost a total of 37.9 billion dollars in 2020. Overall, the value of pork imports increased by 38.1 percent for all importing countries since 2016 when international purchases of pork were valued at 27.4 billion dollars
Year over year, worldwide imported pork appreciated by 18.4 percent from 2019 to 2020.
The 5 biggest markets for imported pork which are China, Japan, Italy, Germany, and Poland bought well over half of 57.1 percent of the value of global pork imports sold in 2020.
From a continental perspective, Asian countries imported the highest dollar worth of pork in 2020 with purchases valued at 19.7 billion dollars, or 52 percent of the world’s total. In second place were importers in Europe at 35.6 percent while 7.7 percent of overall international pork purchases were delivered to North America.
Smaller percentages of 2.5 percent were bought by customers in Latin America excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean, Oceania bought 1.7 percent led by Australia and New Zealand, and Africa imported 0.5 percent.
Among the above countries, the 4 top growth markets for pork from 2019 to 2020 were: China up by 163.5 percent, Hong Kong up by 29 percent, Canada up by 24.3 percent, and the Netherlands up by 11 percent.
Those countries that posted declines in their imported pork purchases were led by: Mexico which was down by minus 15.5 percent, South Korea was down by minus 13.6 percent, Germany was down by minus 10.8 percent, and Italy went down by minus 10.6 percent.
The top 15 importing countries purchased 81.2 percent of all pork imported in 2020.
Top Pork Exporters
Global pork exports are forecast 10 percent higher to 10.4 million tons in 2020, as forecast by USDA. China imports are forecast 35 percent higher and account for 35 percent of global pork imports. The Philippines imports are also forecast 32 percent higher due to disease impact on domestic supplies. Outside of ASF-affected countries, demand is expected to be muted by higher global prices. Many prices sensitive markets are expected to reduce imports of pork on strong competition from ASF-affected buyers. EU exports are up 13 percent and Brazil up 20 percent mostly on growth in exports to Asia. In contrast, Canada’s exports are down slightly as restrictions from China limit opportunities for growth.
The EU remained a top pork exporter in the world by volume in 2019, with the bulk of its shipments going to Asia, namely China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the Philippines.
Notwithstanding the stagnation in production, reliance on accumulated large meat stocks could allow the EU to expand its exports by 10 percent this year. Brazil is also one of the world’s largest pork exporters. The country may benefit from abundant export availabilities, improvements in the image of its meat quality, and increased or newly gained market access in the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Viet Nam and South Africa.
Global sales from pork exports by country totaled 37.1 billion dollars in 2020.
Overall, the value of pork exports increased by an average of 34.6 percent for all exporting countries since 2016 when pork shipments were valued at 27.5 billion dollars. Year over year, total pork exports appreciated by 12.8 percent from 2019 to 2020.
The 5 major exporters of pork in 2020 were Spain, the United States, Germany, Canada, and Denmark. Collectively, that handful of suppliers provided almost two-thirds or 63.3 percent of swine meat exported worldwide.
From a continental perspective, 23.7 billion dollars or 63.9 percent of all pork exports originated from Europe. In second place were North American exporters accounting for 27 percent worth.
Smaller percentages of 7.9 percent came from Latin America excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean, Asia exported 0.9 percent, Oceania mostly Australia exported 0.3 percent, and Africa exported just 0.1 percent of pork.
By value, the top 15 pork exporting countries shipped 94.7 percent of global pork exports in 2020.
Among the top exporters, the fastest-growing pork exporters from 2019 to 2020 were: Brazil up by 44.1 percent, Chile up by 40.5 percent, Mexico up by 26.2 percent, and Spain up by 25.9 percent.
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Conclusion
Global pig meat output in 2020 estimated at 109.2 million tonnes, down by 0.8 percent from 2019. Production contractions in China, Philippines, and Vietnam contributed to lower global output. Poland ranked the highest in pork meat consumption per capita with 57.6-kilograms.
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