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Mango is a tropical fruit that grows on extremely large trees that reach over 100 feet in height and 12 feet in diameter. They are highly popular around the world. The mango is a member of the drupe family. This is a type of plant food with a fleshy outer section that surrounds a shell, or pit. There are many different kinds of mango. They vary in color, shape, flavor, and seed size. Although mango skin can be green, red, yellow, or orange, its inner flesh is mostly golden yellow. More than 80 countries cultivate mango with a global planting area of more than 2.7 million hectares. The five biggest mango producers in the world are India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines.
The top ten mango importers are:
- United States of America
- Netherlands
- China
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- Canada
- France
- Japan
- Hong Kong
- Spain
The ten world’s largest exporting countries are:
- Mexico
- Netherlands
- Brazil
- Peru
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- Pakistan
- Côte d’Ivoire
Mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica which is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. There are two distinct types of modern mango cultivars: the Indian type and the Southeast Asian type. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. The mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
The mango does not require any particular soil, but the finer varieties yield good crops only where there is a well-marked dry season to stimulate fruit production. In rainy areas, a fungal disease known as anthracnose destroys flowers and young fruits and is difficult to control. Propagation is by grafting or budding. Inarching, or approach grafting in which a scion and stock of independently rooted plants are grafted and the scion later severed from its original stock, is widely practiced in tropical Asia but is tedious and relatively expensive. In Florida, more efficient methods like veneer grafting and chip budding have been developed and are used commercially.
The mango is inextricably connected with the folklore and religious ceremonies of India. Buddha himself was presented with a mango grove that he might find repose in its grateful shade. The name mango, by which the fruit is known in English and Spanish speaking countries, is most likely derived from the Malayam manna, which the Portuguese adopted as manga when they came to Kerala in 1498 for the spice trade. Probably because of the difficulty in transporting seeds they retain their viability for a short time only, the tree was not introduced into the Western Hemisphere until about 1700 when it was planted in Brazil; it reached the West Indies about 1740.
Mangoes are sweet, creamy fruits that have a range of possible health benefits. They are highly popular around the world. The mango is a member of the drupe family. This is a type of plant food with a fleshy outer section that surrounds a shell, or pit. This pit contains a seed. Olives, dates, and coconuts are also part of this family.
There are many different kinds of mango. They vary in color, shape, flavor, and seed size. Although mango skin can be green, red, yellow, or orange, its inner flesh is mostly golden yellow.
With the season coming to an end in Mexico, Brazil and Spain are currently the main mango suppliers. Exports from Egypt, which mainly serves the Eurasian market, and Ecuador, which supplies the North American west coast, will soon follow. The volumes from Spain and other Mediterranean countries, such as Israel, are lower than expected, resulting in high market prices. Many countries are therefore finishing their seasons earlier than usual. In China, the production is growing in the southern province of Hainan, although here the fruit has to compete against imports from Southeast Asia.
Zeaxanthin is an antioxidant found in mangoes. According to a reliable source, zeaxanthin may play a preventive role in eye health and may help to avoid macular degeneration damage. Also, a Japanese study published in 2014 discovered that carotenoid-rich fruits such as mangoes may lower the risk of colon cancer. Furthermore, the Skin Cancer Foundation suggests that a diet high in beta carotene content can help prevent skin cancer. Beta carotene is found in mango.
They also claim that it can increase the immune system's ability to fight disease. Research on mango leaves discovered that the plant chemicals had a powerful effect on diabetes risk factors. These included lower body weight, lower blood sugar levels, and lower blood fat levels. Mangoes fiber, potassium, and vitamin levels all aid to keep the arteries open and minimize the risk of heart disease. Mangoes are also helpful for hair health since they contain a lot of vitamin A.
This nutrient aids the skin in producing sebum, an oily fluid that moisturizes the hair. Vitamin A is also required for the growth of all human tissues, including skin and hair.
According to FAO statistics for the year, 2000 at least 87 countries produced mangoes, continuing a smooth increase reaching slightly over 25 million tons compared to the 23.9 million recorded in 1996. Although exports have experienced tremendous growth, prices have gone down, especially in the USA and the EU. Worldwide, the leading exporters are Mexico, the Philippines, and Pakistan. With the exception of Southeast Asia, Australia, and some African countries, which have their own varieties, most countries still produce and export cultivars developed in Florida. The mango has become a fairly common commodity for most consumers, so it is unlikely that market increases continue to rise as they have during the last few years. A solution to increasing consumption without further reductions in price might be possible if new cultivars of improved appearance and quality environmentally friendly cultivation systems were to be developed.
Top Mango Importing And Exporting Countries
More than 80 countries cultivate mango with a global planting area of more than 2.7 million hectares. The five biggest mango producers in the world are India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Mango is not only consumed domestically but also exported by these countries.
The top five largest importers of mango in the world are the USA, the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the UK, and Germany with a total export of 1189.10 metric tons in 2013, an increase of 91.23 percent from 2010. The increase in mango commercialization and also the importance of the commodity reinforces its position as one of the most popular tropical fruits in the world.
The development of mangoes in Indonesia has several opportunities for improving its competitiveness in the global market. From the market perspective, the value of world mango export showed an annual 26 percent average growth rate, with a total value of about 1.69 billion dollars in 2013, rising more than 200 percent compared with the year 2000. There is still a great opportunity to increase mango exports as so far there have not been limitations by importing countries.
Mango is a tropical fruit that grows on extremely large trees that reach over 100 feet in height and 12 feet in diameter. The fruit itself is considered a stone fruit due to its single pit. Mangoes can come in a variety of colors, including orange, red, green, and yellow. This fruit is native to India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan and is related to sumac and poison ivy. Its importance to humans dates back to around 2000 BC when it was domesticated in India. After domestication, the mango was introduced to East Asia between 500 and 400 BC. By the 15th century, it had made its way to the Philippines, followed by Africa and Brazil in the 16th century. Akbar, a Mughal emperor, planted over 100,000 mango trees in a place now known as Lakhi Bagh in India. Today, mango trees can be found in several tropical climates.
Mango has been cultivated for centuries. Today, it is an important crop in tropical regions throughout South America, Hawaii, Central America, Asia, the Caribbean, and Africa. Mango farmers often practice grafting to ensure fruit production. Grafting is also faster than planting a seed. In 2013, the global mango production reached just under 43 million metric tons. The majority of these mangoes are the Tommy Atkins variety, although there are many other types on the market.
Top Mango producing countries:
India is the largest mango producer in the world with 21,822,000 tonnes of production per year. China comes second with 4,992,114 tonnes of yearly production. With 3,791,208 tonnes of production per year, Thailand is the third-largest producer of mango and guava
Top Mango importing countries:
Mango import is a thriving activity, especially in the developed countries of Europe and America. The top ten mango importers are the United States of America, the Netherlands, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Japan, Hong Kong, and Spain in that order, clearly pointing to the fact the developed countries are the main importers.
Of the ten top importing countries, the USA, the Netherlands, and China, account for 49 percent of total world imports. Using the Herfindahl market concentration index, this converts to a concentration value of 0.09, indicating that world demand for the product is not very concentrated. But growth rates in markets such as China propose that the world market could still open up much more and present new market opportunities for several potential exporters. However, the concentration value does not give any evidence about the concentration of world supply for mangoes. ITC data shows that the three biggest importers have a variety of sources. Variation in supply seasons among different regions of the world ensures that the concentration in supply is relatively low, with a Herfindahl index value of supplying countries’ concentration of 0.11. For now, the importers whose demand lasts throughout the year due to their purchasing power and evolving diet needs to buy from different markets to ensure that their consumers can buy mangoes at any time of the year.
Top Mango exporting countries:
Mango export is a high-profile business, attracting several countries around the world, despite the delicate and difficult nature of the enterprise. At least 115 nations are involved in the billion dollars and a half trade. Records generated from ITC Trade Map show that the ten world’s largest exporting countries are: Mexico, the Netherlands, Brazil, Peru, Thailand, the Philippines, Ecuador, Egypt, Pakistan, and Côte d’Ivoire in that order. In 2010, these countries exported 947,343 metric tons of mangoes, generating a total export value of 766,897,000 dollars which represents 74.3 percent of total global exports. Of these top-ranking exporters, the three main ones which are Mexico, the Netherlands, and Brazil provided an export total of 544,776 metric tons, valued at 436,420 dollars and representing 42.4 percent of total world exports. This proposes that the supply of mangoes is concentrated. However, using the Herfindahl Index formula, a market concentration value of 0.11 results which states that the market is not very concentrated.
In 2020, the total export value of mango was 3.88 Billion dollars while the total import value was 3.68 billion dollars. The total global production volume was 55.85 metric tons. In the United States, each mango retails on an average of 2 to 2.5 dollars apiece
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Conclusion
Mangoes are sweet, creamy fruits that have a range of possible health benefits. Mangoes fiber, potassium, and vitamin levels all aid to keep the arteries open and minimize the risk of heart disease. More than 80 countries cultivate mango with a global planting area of more than 2.7 million hectares.
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